Relationship Between Gender Bias And Gender Essay

This study focuses on the relationship between gender bias, gender ideology, and gender roles in everyday life. The study analyzes how differences in gender affect professors’ behavior in the classroom. My research question is how do men and women view professors’ treatment of students based on gender? Some basic guiding questions are: In your opinion and experience, do professors treat certain groups of students differently? Who are these students? Specifically, do professors treat men vs. women differently in the classroom? Why do you think professors do/don’t do this? My hypothesis was that respondents would think professors call on men in the classroom due to their stereotypical qualities of being competitive, confident, and dominant. The overwhelming majority of people describe women as shy, compassionate, and timid . Men are more willing to speak up and shout out an answer in the classroom because of their confidence and dominance. Given these stereot ypical traits it would be more likely for a male to answer a question, get called on, or engage in a conversation with the teacher rather than a women because of women’s timid traits . I believe that the majority of men are less likely to filter a response and think before they speak in class, therefore leading them to get called on by the professor to share their opinion. From my own experience I have seen this begin to change over the years possibly because of the increase in women in the social and politicalShow MoreRelatedGame for Boys or Girls1254 Words   |  6 Pagesme that 13 years ago there was gender segregation in the digital world of video games on who the games where made for, girls or boys. From my 15 year of experience playing hundreds of video games I never thought of games being gender biased till now. To me girls didn’t play them because they were just not into video games and would rather play with dolls. Jenkins states that traditional culture in video games is not fixing gender bias games but rather making the gender segregation stay (p. 713). JenkinsRead MorePsychological Science and Gender Bias1351 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipants of different age, gender, different cultures etc. Results of such research assume to effectively predict the nature of the construct involved in the study. However this may not always be the case since the results of a study may be hampered by the bias involved in the study. Bias can be defined as the human tendencies that leads them to follow a quasi-logical path or form a certain perspective that is based on the predetermined notions or beliefs. Bias may affect the results of a studyRead MoreGender Differences. Generalizations At Work To Be Aware1086 Words   |  5 PagesGender Differences Generalizations at Work to be Aware of: 1) Women talk about other people, while men talk about tangible things like business, sports, food, and drinks. 2) Women ask questions to gain an understanding, and men talk to give information rather than asking questions. 3) Women are more likely to talk to other women when a problem or conflict arises, while men are often known for dealing with problems or issues internally, and 4) women focus on feelings, senses and meaning. They relyRead MoreSocial Stratification1349 Words   |  6 Pagesvertical hierarchical arrangement which differentiate people as superior or inferior. Societies are stratified in three ways which are,1) Social Class; 2) Racial and Ethnic stratification; and 3) Gender. 1) Social Class: According to Karl Marx, Class society is based around a primary line of division between two antagonistic classes, those who owns the means of production and those who do not own. Comer added to it in 1978 â€Å"Social Class implies having or not having the following: individual rights,Read MorePatriarchal Society : An Critique Of The Environmental Influence Of Gender Bias973 Words   |  4 PagesPatriarchal Society: An Analysis of the Environmental Influence of Gender Bias in Advertisements This study will define the environmental influence of patriarchal societal values on women that create an undue gender bias in popular culture. In â€Å"Sex and Molecules†, the narrow view of sex identity through a â€Å"scientific† view of biology defines the limitations of gender roles in a patriarchal society: â€Å"And â€Å"biology† excludes the dynamic interweaving of our physical beings with our experience withinRead MoreControversy Of Sex Changes And The Rights Of Transgenders1335 Words   |  6 PagesTransgenders What defines our gender? Is it the fact that we were born with certain genitals? Or that our parents dressed us in pink or blue? Is our gender defined by the toys we played with as children and the interests we had as young adults? While most of us identify as the gender we were born as, over one million people in the US alone admit to being transgender. Transgender is ‘an umbrella term that refers to those with identities that cross over, move between,or otherwise challenge the sociallyRead MoreSexism : Women Are Weak, Less Intelligent, And Less Important Than Men1399 Words   |  6 Pagesof masculinity to toughness and competitiveness† and â€Å"the subordination of women.† Cornell claims that â€Å"such an idealized form of masculinity becomes hegemonic when it is widely accepted in a culture and when that acceptance reinforces the dominant gender ideology of the culture† (pp. 290-291). AsTrujillo (1991, pp. 291-292) put it, hegemonic masculine characteristics include â€Å"power defined in terms of physical force and control,† success defined in terms of occupational achievement in traditionalRead MoreGendered Spaces Of Gender And Gender Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesplacement of genders. Biopolitics is a system of controlling the way people live and move through storing order or restriction. Therefore, this makes gendered spaces biopolitical; given that gendered spaces control the movement of genders. Gender bias not to be confused with sexism; means to be prejudice and discriminate against another gender. In other words, it is the belief that one gender is superior over another, typically men over women. In order to truly understand gender bias and demonstrateRead MoreThe Common Denominator of Security and Feminism600 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstanding of men`s security. The link between feminism and security points out that understanding security issue s needs an enlargement to include specific security concerns and beliefs of women. This research emphasizes context-based interpretations of gender in human security. In respect of a widen concept of human security, a feminist perspective highlights from the very beginning the danger of masking differences under the term human, addressing the dichotomy between universalism and cultural relativismRead MoreGender And Cultural Studies ( Ihs -308 ) Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesGENDER AND CLASSROOM A course write-up Submitted as a part of the course Gender and Cultural Studies (IHS –308) Submitted By: KARUNA SHAKYAWAL B.Tech. III Yr (13115078) Dept. Electrical Engg. Date : 10 Feb. 2016 Gender and Cultural Studies Introduction This write-up presents the classroom interaction with reference to gender and different types of behaviour with boys and girls on the basis of gender are discussed. As we know that in classroom many times girls have to face some kind of problems. Even

Spanish Free Essays

1. White persons, percent, 2010: Towson 80% and Maryland 50% 2. High school graduates, percent of persons age 25+, 2006-2010: Towson 94% and Maryland 88% 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanish or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bachelor’s degree or higher, pct of persons age 25+, 2006-2010: Towson 60% and Maryland 35% 4. Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16+, 2006-2010: Towson 23. 7 and Maryland 31. 3 5. Median household income 2006-2010: Towson $72,949 and Maryland $70,647 What would he or she find? Based on your knowledge of your hometown, list out the positive and negative things you think the ethnographer might find. Positive: In the city of Towson 94% of people 25+ have graduated high school and that is 7% more than the Maryland as a whole. 60% of the people 25+ in Towson have a bachelor’s degree, which is almost double the Maryland percentage. The median household income is also high, $72,949. The average mean time to travel to work is also significantly lower than Maryland’s average time which implies that the surrounding area has more opportunities for employment than other places. Negative: The population of Towson is 80% white so it isn’t an very diverse area and that coupled with the moderate prosperity of the area could possibly lower the cultural awareness of the people of Towson. *What are some things that strike you about your hometown based on census data? What might the researcher learn if  only  reviewing the statistical data from census records? What are some things that might be misunderstood about your hometown from only reviewing census data? The most striking thing is the lack of diversity and high percentage of well-educated individuals in the area. If a researcher only studied Towson through the data it would seem like a city with low diversity and financially stable white individuals. But some thing that could be misunderstood is the area’s diversity. Towson has Towson University in the center off it, which draws a large amount of international and out of state students. These students increase the diversity of Towson dramatically and influence a lot of the commercial aspects of Towson. *Discuss the utility of qualitative and quantitative research. How does one complement the other? While quantitative research helps generalize the traits of an area through the use of statistics, qualitative research goes past the numbers and looks at factors that are harder to turn into numerical values. How to cite Spanish, Essay examples

Internal Revenue Code and Automobiles

Question: Discuss about the Internal Revenue Code and Automobiles. Answer: Introduction: Rulings on taxation 92/3 of Income Tax Assessment Act specify the provisions on tax liability on the profits incurred from the transactions apart from the transactions in the ordinary course of business. Isolated transaction is the transaction that takes place other than the business and profession or if it has been conducted by the non- business assesses. Considering the taxability of the income from isolated transaction, it would be added to the assessable income of the assessee if the taxpayers purpose is to incur profit or gain from the transaction. Further, the income earned by the Australian resident either directly or indirectly shall be computable as an ordinary income as per section 6-5 of Income Tax Assessment Act (ITAA) 1997 (Heckemeyer and Overesch 2013). Considering the present case, Peta acquired a house, two years ago at Kew, Australia, which had two tennis court attached. She bought the house property for the purpose of residence and for constructing the housing units on the tennis courts, which is meant to be sold at profit in the future years. However, in the current taxation year Peta received an offer for the sale of tennis courts provided it remain in good condition. Peta used $100,000 for renovating the old tennis court into good condition and sold the same for $600,000. As per section, 6-5 of ITAA97 profit or gain from the sale of property considers as an ordinary income if the same has been transacted in the ordinary course of business. On the contrary, if the profit earned from the sale of the property does not constitute the business of the assessee then the same will be regarded as the capital income. In the present situation, sale of tennis courts in the current tax year was not a part of Petas ordinary business course therefore, it has been considered as income from isolated transaction as per taxation ruling 92/3. Considering the decided case of The Myer Emporium Ltd (1987) v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation 163 CLR 199, tax liability of the profit or gain earned from isolated transaction is based on the intention or purpose of the assessee. It has been stated that if the purpose of the assessee is to earn profit from the sale of the property then the same will be included in the assessable income (Benshalom 2013). However, if the assessees objective is not to earn income from the property sale, which is not in the ordinary course of the business then the income, will be considered as a capital income of the taxpayer. Based on the case of Westfield Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, the assessee contended the argument on inclusive of income in the assessable income from the sale of parcel of land. The company contended that the intention of the taxpayer was not to earn profit from the sale of land and therefore the same should not be considered as an ordinary income of the taxpayer. According to the provisions and taxation rules 92/3, the court decided the profit would not be included in the assessable income since the intention of the taxpayer company was not incur profit or gain (Haufler and Sthler 2013). Therefore, the income by way of sale of property would be considered as a capital income and not as a revenue income. Moreover, in the present situation Peta acquired the house property including the tennis court with the intention to reside in one part and to earn profit from the sale of units on tennis courts. On the contrary, the nature of the transaction for sale of tennis court was not in the ordinary course of Petas business. The residential purpose in one of the parts of the house property was considered to be the investment made by Peta. As per the taxation rulings 92/3 the transaction entered on sale of tennis court would be regarded as income from an isolated transaction as Peta was not engaged in the ordinary business of sale of property (Schfer et al. 2012). Therefore, the tax liability of the income earned by Peta from the isolated transaction would be analyzed as per the purpose or intention to conduct the sale of tennis court. It had been observed that the intention of Peta for buying the house property was for residential purpose and the intention to buy the tennis court was to sale the same at profit. Hence, the profit incurred from the sale of tennis court would be included in the assessable income of Peta at $500,000 ($600,000- $100,000) as per ITAA 97 in the current taxation year. Consequences of Fringe Benefit Tax for ABC Pty Ltd The provisions of Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act (FBTAA) 1986 regulate fringe benefits provided by the employers to the workers and staffs. Additionally, taxability of the allowances in terms of fringe benefit is regulated by the taxation ruling 97/17 of ITAA 97. Fringe benefit according to the section 136 FBTAA 1986 is defined as the advantages or benefits provided by the employer in lieu of services rendered by the employers or workers (Hodgson and Pearce 2015). On the benefits provided to the employee, the employers are obligated to pay tax on the benefits according to the percentage as mentioned in the taxation rulings. In the given situation, ABC Pty Ltd offered allowances to its employee Alan in the current taxation year 2016, which is required to be taxed on the basis of FBTAA 1986 and ITAA 97. As per the section 136 in FBTAA 1986 taxability of benefits provided by employer is measured by considering higher gross- up rate as well as lower gross- up rate (Pearce and Hodgson 2015). According to the taxation ruling 97/17, Higher gross- up rate is applicable to the assesses for determining the taxable value of fringe benefits who pays Goods and Services Tax (GST) on the amount of the benefit. It is also known as type 1. Moreover, the benefit providers including the GST are entitled to claim credit on GST, which is known as Gross Credible Benefits. On the contrary, Lower gross- up rate is applicable to the taxpayers not entitled to claim credit on GST because the employers do not pay GST on the value of benefits provided to the employees (Kelliher 2014). According to the section 58 X, FBTAA 1986, several allowances provided by the employers are considered as exempted benefits. Any benefits provided by the employer or any reimbursements made by the employers in lieu of the expenditures related to the employers work falls under the exempted benefits as contained in the TR97/17. In case the amount of benefit or any property is provided by the employer related to the business or work then the same would be included in the exempted benefits as per section 58X of FBTAA 1986. Such exempted items includes electronic gadgets of mobile, computer peripherals, software, office bag or briefcase, protective clothes or any tools or appliances related to work (Webster, Guo and O'Connell 2014). Considering the stated provisions and taxation rulings, tax consequences of the benefits provided by ABC Pty Ltd to Alan explained as under: Salary payment under a remuneration package: Section 58X FBTAA 1986 provides the consequences of fringe benefits for the payment of salary to the employees that are associated to the employers work. It states that the amount of salary provided by the employer would not be liable for taxability in the hands of the employer in the current taxation year (King and Case 2015). Therefore, payment of salary $300,000 provided by ABC Ltd to Alan constitute as exempted fringe benefit because the payment was related to the companys work as at 31 March 2016. Mobile phone bill payment: The payment of bill for the mobile phone amounted to $220 per month included the payment of GST. ABC Ltd reimbursed it for the phone given to Alan for the purpose of work therefore, the taxable value of the payment would be considered by using the high- gross up value. According to the TR 97/17 ITAA 97 and section 58X FBTAA 1986, payments or allowances paid for the mobile phone is exempted but the allowances for bill amount is taxable under the provision of fringe benefits. Hence, the company is liable to pay tax on the assessable value of mobile bill at the rate of 49% for the current year ended on 31 March 2016. Phone bill allowance (including GST) (i) $ 2,640.00 ($220.00* 12 months) Higher Gross up rate (ii) 2.1463 Taxable amount of allowance (i* ii) $ 5,666.232 Tax on Fringe Benefit @ 49% on $ 5,666.232 as on 31 March, 2016 $ 2,776.453 (Subject to the input tax credits or GST credits) Table 1: FBT on mobile bill payment (Sources: Created by author) Allowances on childrens education fees: The Company offered the allowances on payment of education fees for Alans children on the yearly basis amounted to $20,000, which was exclusive of GST. Considering the provision and taxation ruling 97/17, ABC Ltd is liable to pay tax on assessable value of education fees by using the lower gross- up rate. Education fees (GST free) (i) $ 20,000.00 Lower gross- up rate (ii) 1.9608 Taxable value (i* ii) $ 39,216.00 Tax on Fringe Benefit @ 49% on $ 39,216.00 as on 31 March 2016 $ 19,215.84 Table 2: FBT on education fees payment (Sources: Created by author) Benefit of mobile phone: ABC Limited provided the mobile device to Alan the amount of which was inclusive of GST charges. According to the section 58X FBTAA 1986, amount paid for mobile device is an exempted benefit if the same is provided for the purpose of work. Since the purpose of providing benefit on mobile device is not mentioned following three situations would be considered as follows: Firstly, in case the phone is assumed to be provided by the company is for work purpose, then the amount of mobile device $2,000 falls under the exempted fringe benefit as per section 58X FBTAA1986. Secondly, in case the device is used by Alan for the personal purpose then the company is liable to pay tax on the assessable value. Further, the assessable value should be computed by using higher gross- up rate because the amount is inclusive of GST. Cost of the handset (including GST) (i) $ 2,000.00 Higher Gross up rate (ii) 2.1463 Taxable value (i* ii) $ 4,292.60 Tax on Fringe Benefit @ 49% on $ 4,292.60 as on 31 March 2016 $ 2,103.37 (Subject to the input tax credits or GST credits) Table 3: FBT on mobile phone handset (Sources: Created by author) Thirdly, in case the mobile device is partly used by used by Alan for personal purpose as well as partly for the work purpose then the amount allocated for work is considered to be exempted as per TR97/17. On the other hand, the amount allocated for the personal use of the phone by Alan should be taxable according to TR97/17. However, it is difficult to segregate the division of amount of mobile phone therefore; it has been assumed that the phone has been utilized for personal purpose. Hence, the same will be taxable as determined in the second option. Expenses incurred on dinner party: TR 97/17 of ITAA 97 requires the taxability of allowances provided by employer on the entertainment by way of food and drink. Since the dinner party organized by ABC Ltd falls under the category of entertainment by way of food and drink, the company is entitled to pay tax on the assessable value of the expenses spent for the party. Computation of fringe benefit tax for the year ended 31 March 2016 Total cost of dinner including GST (i) $ 6,600.00 Higher Gross up rate (ii) 2.1463 Taxable value (i* ii) $14,165.58 Tax on Fringe Benefit @ 49% on $ 14,165.58 $ 6,941.13 (Subject to the input tax credits or GST credits) Table 4: FBT on entertainment allowance (Sources: Created by author) Consequences of FBT if there were 5 employees Tax liability on the amount of benefits offered by the company cannot be determined based on the number of employees. The taxability on the expenses or allowances depends on the nature and reason for the utilization of the amount of benefits. Therefore, the tax consequences on the expenses spent on dinner party would remain same even if the number of employees were 5 instead of 20 employees. Consequences of FBT if the clients also attend the annual party In case, the clients of ABC Pty Ltd attend the annual party then the cost of the dinner would not be constituted as fringe benefit since it is related to the employees only. If the clients of the company attend the dinner party, then such expenses would be considered as business expenses. The company would be eligible to claim deduction on such expenses according to ITAA97. Reference List Benshalom, I., 2013. Rethinking the Source of the Arm's-Length Transfer Pricing Problem.Virginia Tax Review,32(3), pp.425-459. Haufler, A. and Sthler, F., 2013. Tax competition in a simple model with heterogeneous firms: How larger markets reduce profit taxes.International Economic Review,54(2), pp.665-692. Heckemeyer, J. and Overesch, M., 2013. Multinationals' profit response to tax differentials: Effect size and shifting channels.ZEW-Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, (13-045). Hodgson, H. and Pearce, P., 2015. TravelSmart or travel tax breaks: is the fringe benefits tax a barrier to active commuting in Australia? 1.eJournal of Tax Research,13(3), p.819. Kelliher, C.F., 2014. A Tax Planning Case Using a Taxpayer Life-Cycle Approach.Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research (Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research, Volume 17) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,17, pp.119-160. King, D. and Case, C., 2015. AAn international individual income tax comparsion: the united states, australia, and united kingdom.Editorial review board, p.77. Pearce, P. and Hodgson, H., 2015. Promoting smart travel through tax policy.Tax Specialist,19(1), p.2. Schfer, D., Schulmeister, S., Vella, J., Masciandaro, D., Passarelli, F. and Buckley, R.P., 2012. The financial transaction taxBoon or bane?.Intereconomics,47(2), pp.76-103. Webster, M., Guo, Y.M. and O'Connell, A., 2014. Expatriate employees and consultants working in China.Austl. Tax F.,29, p.587.